英文原文
If there ever was an official month of dieting, it is January. Low-carb, low-fat, paleo -- they all get pushed to the side this year, because this is the year of Buddha's Diet. Dan Zigmond is a writer, director of analytics for Facebook, and a zen priest. He's also co-author of Buddha's Diet: The Ancient Art of Losing Weight Without Losing Your Mind. The Splendid Table managing producer Sally Swift got some detail on this fairly ancient diet.
Sally Swift: When most of us think of the Buddha, we think of this round, full-figured, seated, beatific man. Is that who Buddha was?
Dan Zigmond: That is not the Buddha. That figure that we see in Chinese restaurants and yoga studios, a kind of jolly Santa Claus-like man, is a Chinese monk who lived about 1,000 years later and who travelled all around China. He was seen as a bringer of good luck and good fortune. He became a symbol of happiness and abundance. In the United States and in the West, we’ve gotten confused about this person and started to think about his as the Buddha.
Buddha was born to a rural family in what is now Nepal. He lived his early years as a prince. When he was born his parents, as was common at the time, asked a fortune teller to come and give a prediction about what his life would be. The fortune teller said there were two possibilities: either he would become a great ruler or he would become a great sort of holy man. His parents knew which one of those they liked better and tried everything they could to steer him towards the life of royalty. They pampered him; he got everything he wanted. They were the original helicopter parents. They made sure that he never had a bad day. He lived that way for many years until he was a young man. Then he decided he wanted to see the world. He snuck out of the palace one day, and he was confronted with the fact that the world was not this sort of Shangri-La where he had been living. He decided to pack it in and try the life of a wandering ascetic in ancient India.
SS: It’s funny to think of getting lifestyle and diet advice from Buddha. How does the diet fit in with what you write about?
DZ: Buddha lived these two very different lives. First, he lived this life of luxury. Then, he lived this life of extreme hardship. What he decided after a certain point, was that neither of these was the path that would relieve the basic suffering that he saw all around him. Instead, he found this middle way, which avoided either extreme of indulging in luxury or beating himself up with these hardships.
SS: And very practical information about that, correct?
DZ: Very practical information. For example, it was very common for these wanderers to fast for long periods of time, to eat almost nothing. He tried this for a long time. He fasted so long that he almost died at some point. He decided that wasn’t going to accomplish anything, that wasn’t going to help anybody. Instead, he found this balanced approach where you would eat for certain hours each day, but then, you would also fast for certain hours each day. That’s exactly what we suggest in Buddha’s Diet that we limit our eating to a certain period -- we suggest 9 hours -- and after that time, we’re not eating. Each day combines a period of eating and a period of fasting in balance.
SS: There’s science behind this?
DZ: Absolutely. We had the good fortune to spend some time with Dr. Satchidananda Panda down at the Salk Institute of Biological Studies in San Diego. He’s done a tremendous amount of research on this, and other labs have too. He’s looked at the effect of what’s generally called intermittent fasting and has found all kinds of beneficial effects. In particular, it does seem to prevent many of the negative consequences that we’re all very familiar with from overeating. The key is that, each day, you limit your meals to a roughly nine-hour eating window. The hours that I tend to eat are 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. You can shift that around a little bit. Some people prefer to eat a little bit later. Some people find it easier to start a little bit earlier.
SS: I want to say eating includes wine, right? You may be done with your dinner at 7 p.m., but having a glass of wine after counts as food, correct?
DZ: Absolutely. Anything with calories. The idea is that you’re really trying to give your body, digestion, and metabolism a complete rest. Black tea, black coffee, water -- those things are fine. I love tea and have tea in the evenings often. But wine and other alcohol absolutely counts.
SS: What was Buddha’s goal with this diet? It was just his way of finding the middle?
DZ: It was his way of finding balance, of keeping food in its place. He wasn’t preaching this so that people would look good in a swimsuit or anything like that. He thought this was a healthy and mindful way to live.
SS: In the book, you also talk about other things that Buddha believed in. Can you tell us some of those hands-on living ideas he had?
DZ: This surprises a lot of people: Buddha was into exercise. He walked all the time. He started every day by taking a long walk through the local villages. This being ancient India of 2,500 years ago, when he was going from province to province, he was doing all of that on foot. He got quite a bit of exercise; that’s something I think we have also lost a bit today. He talked about sleep, about the amount we sleep as being like the string of an instrument. When it’s too loose, it doesn’t really work. When it’s too tight, it doesn’t really work. Again, we have to find that right balance where he didn’t want anybody necessarily sleeping until noon, but he wanted to make sure that everybody got enough sleep that they could function and be mindful during the day.
中文翻译
如果说有一个官方的节食月份，那就是一月。低碳水化合物、低脂肪、原始饮食——今年它们都被推到一边，因为今年是佛陀饮食法之年。丹·齐格蒙德是一位作家、Facebook分析总监，也是一位禅宗牧师。他还是《佛陀饮食法：不失理智的古老减肥艺术》的合著者。《The Splendid Table》的执行制片人莎莉·斯威夫特了解了这种相当古老的饮食法的细节。
莎莉·斯威夫特：当我们大多数人想到佛陀时，我们想到的是这个圆润、丰满、坐着、慈祥的人。那是佛陀吗？
丹·齐格蒙德：那不是佛陀。我们在中餐馆和瑜伽馆看到的那种像快乐的圣诞老人一样的人物，是一位大约1000年后生活在中国的僧人，他游历了整个中国。他被视为好运和财富的带来者。他成为了幸福和丰盛的象征。在美国和西方，我们混淆了这个人，开始认为他是佛陀。
佛陀出生在现在尼泊尔的一个农村家庭。他早年过着王子的生活。他出生时，他的父母按照当时的习俗，请了一位算命先生来预测他的生活。算命先生说有两种可能性：要么他会成为一位伟大的统治者，要么他会成为一位伟大的圣人。他的父母知道他们更喜欢哪一种，并尽一切努力引导他走向皇室生活。他们溺爱他；他得到了他想要的一切。他们是最早的直升机父母。他们确保他从未有过糟糕的一天。他这样生活了许多年，直到他成为一个年轻人。然后他决定他想看看世界。有一天他溜出宫殿，面对的事实是世界并不是他一直生活的那种香格里拉。他决定放弃，尝试古印度流浪苦行者的生活。
SS：想到从佛陀那里获得生活方式和饮食建议很有趣。这种饮食法如何与你写的内容相符？
DZ：佛陀过着这两种截然不同的生活。首先，他过着奢侈的生活。然后，他过着极端艰苦的生活。在某个时刻，他决定这两条路都不是能够缓解他周围所见基本痛苦的道路。相反，他找到了这条中道，避免了沉溺于奢侈或自我折磨的极端。
SS：关于这一点有非常实用的信息，对吗？
DZ：非常实用的信息。例如，这些流浪者长时间禁食、几乎不吃东西是很常见的。他尝试了很长时间。他禁食了这么久，以至于在某个时刻几乎死去。他决定这不会成就任何事情，不会帮助任何人。相反，他找到了这种平衡的方法，即每天在特定时间进食，但每天也在特定时间禁食。这正是我们在佛陀饮食法中建议的，我们将进食限制在一定时间内——我们建议9小时——之后，我们就不进食了。每天结合进食期和禁食期，保持平衡。
SS：这背后有科学依据吗？
DZ：绝对有。我们有幸在圣地亚哥索尔克生物研究所与萨奇达南达·潘达博士共度了一段时间。他在这方面做了大量研究，其他实验室也做了。他研究了通常称为间歇性禁食的效果，并发现了各种有益效果。特别是，它似乎确实可以防止我们都很熟悉的过度饮食带来的许多负面后果。关键是，每天你将进餐限制在大约九小时的进食窗口内。我倾向于进食的时间是上午9点到下午6点。你可以稍微调整一下。有些人喜欢稍晚一点进食。有些人发现稍早一点开始更容易。
SS：我想说进食包括葡萄酒，对吗？你可能在晚上7点吃完晚餐，但之后喝一杯葡萄酒也算作食物，对吗？
DZ：绝对。任何有热量的东西。其理念是，你真的试图让你的身体、消化和新陈代谢得到完全休息。红茶、黑咖啡、水——这些东西都可以。我喜欢茶，经常在晚上喝茶。但葡萄酒和其他酒精绝对算数。
SS：佛陀这种饮食法的目标是什么？这只是他寻找中道的方式吗？
DZ：这是他寻找平衡、让食物各归其位的方式。他宣扬这个不是为了让人穿泳衣好看或类似的事情。他认为这是一种健康、正念的生活方式。
SS：在书中，你还谈到了佛陀相信的其他事情。你能告诉我们他的一些实用生活理念吗？
DZ：这让很多人惊讶：佛陀喜欢运动。他一直在走路。他每天从在当地村庄长途步行开始。这是2500年前的古印度，当他从一个省到另一个省时，他都是步行。他得到了相当多的运动；我认为我们今天也失去了一些。他谈到睡眠，谈到我们睡眠的量就像乐器的弦。当它太松时，它不起作用。当它太紧时，它不起作用。同样，我们必须找到正确的平衡，他不希望任何人睡到中午，但他希望确保每个人都得到足够的睡眠，以便他们能够在白天正常运作并保持正念。
文章概要
本文基于对《佛陀饮食法》合著者丹·齐格蒙德的访谈，探讨了佛陀饮食法的核心理念与实践。文章首先澄清了西方对佛陀形象的常见误解，指出常见的“胖佛陀”形象实为后世中国僧人。接着，文章回顾了佛陀从王子到苦行者的早期生活，强调他通过亲身经历发现极端奢侈与极端苦行均非解脱之道，从而提出“中道”思想。在饮食方面，佛陀饮食法倡导每日9小时进食窗口的间歇性禁食，旨在平衡进食与禁食，促进健康。文章还引用现代科学研究支持间歇性禁食的益处，并扩展至佛陀对运动、睡眠等生活方式的平衡理念，强调这是一种整体、正念的生活方式，而非单纯减肥手段。整体上，文章围绕“平衡”关键词，将佛陀的古老智慧与现代健康实践相结合。
高德明老师的评价
用12岁初中生可以听懂的语音来重复翻译的内容：佛陀饮食法就像我们每天玩游戏的规则一样简单！佛陀发现，吃太多好吃的或者饿肚子太久都不好，所以他找到了一个中间的好办法：每天只在9个小时内吃东西，比如从早上9点到下午6点，其他时间就让肚子休息。这就像我们上课和下课要有规律一样，身体也需要规律。他还喜欢走路锻炼，注意好好睡觉，不多不少刚刚好。这样就能保持健康，心情也好！
佛学的各个宗派视角评价，突出《显密圆通成佛心要集》的视角：从佛学宗派视角看，佛陀饮食法体现了大乘佛教“中道”思想的实践应用。在显宗中，这契合《金刚经》“应无所住而生其心”的教导，通过饮食节制培养不执着、不贪恋的清净心。密宗如准提法强调“即身成佛”，饮食平衡有助于气脉明点的调和，为修行奠定生理基础。《显密圆通成佛心要集》倡导显密双修、理事圆融，佛陀饮食法正是这种圆融的体现：它既有显宗戒律的规范性（如定时进食），又蕴含密宗观想的专注性（进食时的正念），将日常饮食转化为修行道场。准提法的优点在于其简便易行、普摄群机，佛陀饮食法同样具有这一特质，让普通人在生活中即可实践佛法，积累福慧资粮。
在修行实践上可以应用的和可以解决人们的十个问题：在修行实践上，佛陀饮食法可应用于培养正念、减少贪嗔、提升定力。它能帮助人们解决以下十个问题：1. 饮食不规律导致的消化负担；2. 过度饮食引发的肥胖与慢性病；3. 对美食的过度贪着与执着；4. 因饥饿或饱腹产生的烦躁情绪；5. 生活节奏混乱影响睡眠质量；6. 缺乏运动导致的身体机能下降；7. 注意力分散难以专注修行；8. 自我放纵或过度苛责的极端心态；9. 中年时期新陈代谢放缓的健康挑战；10. 在忙碌生活中找不到平衡点的压力。通过实践这一方法，人们能在日常生活中自然融入佛法，迈向身心和谐。