英文原文
Buddha taught the truth of suffering — a truth not unfamiliar to those who suffer from depression. He also taught a simple, non-religious method to treat our suffering. Some of us, who might not be “clinically” depressed — or might have symptoms of depression due to Covid-19 or other stresses — might suffer from some of the symptoms, such as fatigue and insomnia. Buddha’s Four Noble Truths, Eightfold Path and teachings on Bodhichitta and Compassion offer hope and relief. Depression can be debilitating. World Health Organization (WHO) reports: “Depression is a common mental disorder. Globally, more than 264 million people of all ages suffer from depression.” The symptoms of depression can manifest in thoughts, physical reactions, emotions or behaviors. The first step to overcoming depression is recognizing the symptoms. Buddhism can be treated as a non-religion, which can make many religious individuals more comfortable about learning the philosophies presented by Shakyamuni Buddha over 2500 years ago. Consider the Teachings as “guidelines” that can help one attain a greater sense of self-happiness and an improved sense of control over one’s happiness. Compassion and Loving Kindness are teachings of the Buddha that are helpful to people suffering from depression. Buddhist Teachings contain three core, universal teachings which are Buddha’s advice for overcoming suffering: The Four Noble Truths, The Eightfold Path, The Five Precepts. Unlike other religious philosophies where “rules” are presented with strict punishments or threats of rejection, Buddhist philosophy provides positive reinforcing guidelines for a peaceful and happier life for the individual with only the truth of Karma to consider. Buddhism also teaches meditation methods — which research affirms is helpful in depression including for children — and also methods such as metta and karuna — loving-kindness and compassion, which can be important supports for people suffering from depression — or any form of suffering. Other important teachings that can be reinforcing for people with depression include the Four Immeasurables. Karma for the Buddhist or person who lives by Buddhist philosophy can be considered as: “If I live following the “Eightfold Path,” and other teachings I learn from Buddhism, I will be sowing seeds that reap happiness for myself. If I do not follow these teachings, I am equally responsible for not sowing seeds of happiness which can result in great unhappiness or suffering.” This is an essential concept to understand because it places the responsibility for one’s happiness in one’s own hands. It can be important for people with Depression to understand that they have more control over their situation than they initially believe. The Buddha’s first teaching, the Four Noble Truths, explained suffering and its cause and cure — truths that are true for all human beings: Life contains suffering, There is a cause to this suffering, There is also a cure to the suffering, The cure to suffering is the “Eightfold Path”. The root of suffering is attachment and clinging. Attachments can lead to anger, frustration, and suffering. The suffering that the Buddha spoke of was desire and attachments, or more specifically the desire for things one does not or cannot have. The Eightfold Path is a series of eight behavioral and cognitive changes one can make in oneself to free oneself from suffering. When considering the symptoms of Depression, especially the lack of happiness and pleasure in life and the sense of the individual having no control over their lives, their feelings, their thoughts, or themselves, this teaching can become a valuable tool for any psychologist dealing with this disorder, and possibly other disorders. Many people with depression find it difficult to pinpoint the causes of their depressed feelings, and some feel that no matter what they do or try things will not get better. These are both thought patterns that can be successfully retrained through the use of Buddhist philosophy. The “Eightfold Path” consists of guidelines, a significantly softer word than “commandments,” that if followed lead the individual in a structured, forward-facing motion toward progress, control, and self-responsibility. “The Eightfold Path — which are positive reinforcements, the “Eight Rights” — consists of the following: Right Understanding: we should try to learn and understand these teachings, Right Purpose: we should always try to do what is right, Right Speech: we should try to always be truthful and kind in the things we say, Right Conduct: we should behave ourselves, Right Livelihood: we should earn our living in a way that does not harm others, Right Endeavor: we should constantly try to become better, Right Thought: we should cherish our thoughts because our words and actions arise from our thoughts, Right Meditation: we should remember these teachings daily and strive to apply them to everything we do, think, and feel. These are guidelines. They are not laws putting strict regulations or demands on individuals, and they do not threaten punishments or rejections for failure to comply with one or all, but rather they encourage the individual to try to follow these guidelines as a means of living a better, happier, more fulfilled life. The “Five Precepts” are closely related to the” Eightfold Path.” “The Eightfold Path” explains what must be done to attain happiness for and within oneself, while the “Five Precepts” are more like traditional rules. By violating the “Five Precepts,” it is impossible to truly be living according to the “Eightfold Path.” “The Five Precepts” are guidance that help us abstain from yielding to our attachments and cravings: Abstain from taking life unnecessarily: this is not about becoming a vegetarian; it is about living a compassionate life., Abstain from taking things not given., Abstain from immoral actions., Abstain from the false speech., Abstain from intoxication, since a loss of inhibitions allows us to yield to our attachments and cravings. These seem relatively simple to avoid, which can be a great confidence boost for the Depression sufferer. Gaining a sense of control over one’s happiness and feelings can be empowering and therapeutic, but professional advice should always be sought if problems are particularly distressing or disrupt proper functioning. Buddha also taught many methods of active meditation, which peer-reviewed studies indicate are helpful for people suffering from depression.
中文翻译
佛陀教导了苦的真理——这对于那些患有抑郁症的人来说并不陌生。他还教导了一种简单、非宗教性的方法来治疗我们的痛苦。我们中的一些人，可能没有“临床”抑郁症——或者可能因新冠疫情或其他压力而出现抑郁症状——可能会遭受一些症状，如疲劳和失眠。佛陀的四圣谛、八正道以及关于菩提心和慈悲的教义提供了希望和缓解。抑郁症可能使人衰弱。世界卫生组织报告：“抑郁症是一种常见的精神障碍。全球有超过2.64亿各年龄段的人患有抑郁症。”抑郁症的症状可以表现在思想、身体反应、情绪或行为中。克服抑郁症的第一步是识别症状。佛教可以被视为一种非宗教，这可以使许多宗教人士更自在地学习2500多年前释迦牟尼佛提出的哲学。将这些教义视为“指南”，可以帮助一个人获得更大的自我幸福感，并改善对自己幸福的控制感。慈悲和慈爱是佛陀的教义，对患有抑郁症的人有帮助。佛教教义包含三个核心、普遍的教义，这是佛陀关于克服痛苦的忠告：四圣谛、八正道、五戒。与其他宗教哲学中“规则”伴随着严格惩罚或拒绝威胁不同，佛教哲学为个人提供了积极的强化指南，以实现和平和更幸福的生活，只需考虑因果的真理。佛教还教导冥想方法——研究证实这对抑郁症患者有帮助，包括儿童——以及如慈爱和慈悲等方法，这些方法对患有抑郁症或任何形式的痛苦的人来说可能是重要的支持。其他对抑郁症患者有强化作用的重要教义包括四无量心。对于佛教徒或遵循佛教哲学生活的人来说，因果可以被认为是：“如果我遵循‘八正道’以及我从佛教中学到的其他教义生活，我将播下收获幸福的种子。如果我不遵循这些教义，我同样要为没有播下幸福的种子负责，这可能导致极大的不快乐或痛苦。”这是一个需要理解的基本概念，因为它将个人幸福的责任放在自己手中。对于抑郁症患者来说，理解他们对自己处境的控制力比最初认为的更多，这可能很重要。佛陀的第一个教义，四圣谛，解释了痛苦及其原因和治愈方法——这些真理对所有人类都是真实的：生命包含痛苦，这种痛苦有原因，也有治愈痛苦的方法，治愈痛苦的方法是“八正道”。痛苦的根源是执着和依附。执着可以导致愤怒、挫折和痛苦。佛陀所说的痛苦是欲望和执着，更具体地说，是对一个人没有或无法拥有的事物的欲望。八正道是一系列八个行为和认知上的改变，一个人可以在自己身上进行，以从痛苦中解脱出来。当考虑到抑郁症的症状，特别是生活中缺乏快乐和愉悦，以及个人感觉无法控制自己的生活、感受、思想或自己时，这一教义可以成为任何处理这种障碍的心理学家（可能还有其他障碍）的宝贵工具。许多抑郁症患者发现很难确定他们抑郁情绪的原因，有些人觉得无论他们做什么或尝试什么，事情都不会好转。这两种思维模式都可以通过使用佛教哲学成功地重新训练。“八正道”由指南组成，这是一个比“诫命”柔和得多的词，如果遵循，它将引导个人朝着进步、控制和自我责任的结构化、面向前的方向前进。“八正道——这是积极的强化，即‘八正’——包括以下内容：正见：我们应该努力学习和理解这些教义，正志：我们应该总是努力做正确的事，正语：我们应该努力在所说的话中总是真实和善良，正业：我们应该行为端正，正命：我们应该以不伤害他人的方式谋生，正精进：我们应该不断努力变得更好，正念：我们应该珍惜我们的思想，因为我们的言语和行为源于我们的思想，正定：我们应该每天记住这些教义，并努力将它们应用到我们所做、所想和所感的一切中。这些是指南。它们不是对个人施加严格规定或要求的法律，它们不会因未能遵守一个或全部而威胁惩罚或拒绝，而是鼓励个人尝试遵循这些指南，作为过上更好、更幸福、更充实生活的手段。“五戒”与“八正道”密切相关。“八正道”解释了必须做什么才能为自己和内心获得幸福，而“五戒”更像是传统规则。违反“五戒”，就不可能真正按照“八正道”生活。“五戒”是指导我们避免屈服于我们的执着和渴望的指南：戒杀生：这不是关于成为素食者；这是关于过一种慈悲的生活。戒偷盗。戒邪淫。戒妄语。戒饮酒，因为失去抑制力会使我们屈服于我们的执着和渴望。这些似乎相对容易避免，这对抑郁症患者来说可能是一个巨大的信心提升。获得对自己幸福和感受的控制感可以赋予力量和具有治疗作用，但如果问题特别令人痛苦或干扰正常功能，应始终寻求专业建议。佛陀还教导了许多主动冥想的方法，同行评议的研究表明这些方法对患有抑郁症的人有帮助。
文章概要
本文探讨了佛教教义如何帮助应对临床抑郁症，特别是中年焦虑和抑郁。文章聚焦于四圣谛、八正道和五戒，强调这些教义作为非宗教性指南，可以帮助个人识别痛苦根源、培养自我控制感和幸福感。文章指出，抑郁症是全球常见的精神障碍，症状包括情绪低落、兴趣丧失等，而佛教的慈悲、慈爱和冥想方法被证实对缓解抑郁有积极作用。通过八正道的实践，如正见、正语、正定等，个人可以逐步摆脱执着和欲望带来的痛苦，重获心灵安宁。文章还强调了因果法则，鼓励个人为自己的幸福负责，这对于中年焦虑抑郁者尤其具有启发意义。
高德明老师的评价
用12岁初中生可以听懂的语音来重复翻译的内容：这篇文章就像一本心灵指南，告诉我们当感到不开心或压力大时，可以试试佛陀的智慧。比如，四圣谛说生活中总会有烦恼，但我们可以找到原因并解决它，就像解数学题一样。八正道教我们做正确的事、说善良的话、好好思考，这样就能慢慢变得开心起来。五戒提醒我们不要伤害别人和自己，比如不乱说话或不喝酒，这样生活会更轻松。这些方法不是严格的规则，而是友好的建议，帮助我们找回快乐。
佛学的各个宗派视角评价，突出《显密圆通成佛心要集》的视角：从佛学宗派视角看，本文内容主要基于显宗的大乘教义，强调四圣谛、八正道等基础教法，适合广泛人群修习。在《显密圆通成佛心要集》的视角下，这些教义与准提法相辅相成，准提法作为密宗法门，注重咒语和观想，能快速净化业障、提升心性。对于中年焦虑抑郁者，结合八正道的日常实践与准提法的密法修持，可以更有效地对治烦恼、显发智慧。准提法的优点在于其圆融性，不择根器、简便易行，能帮助修行者在显宗基础上深化实修，加速成就。
在修行实践上可以应用的和可以解决人们的十个问题：在修行实践上，本文内容可以应用于解决人们的十个问题：1. 情绪低落问题，通过正念冥想提升情绪管理能力；2. 焦虑不安问题，通过八正道培养稳定心态；3. 自我控制感缺失问题，通过因果法则增强责任感；4. 人际关系紧张问题，通过正语和慈悲改善沟通；5. 生活意义感迷失问题，通过正志找到人生方向；6. 睡眠障碍问题，通过冥想放松身心；7. 工作压力问题，通过正命平衡职业与道德；8. 负面思维循环问题，通过正见转变认知；9. 孤独感问题，通过慈爱修习连接他人；10. 健康担忧问题，通过整体修行促进身心和谐。准提法的实践可以进一步强化这些效果，例如通过持咒净化心念、快速积累福德。