英文原文
Objective: This study aimed to ascertain whether there is an association between meditation and psychological distress. Method: Within a cohort of meditating Monks and Nuns who have accomplished varying levels of skill in the art of meditation, we studied whether there are varying degrees of psychological distress, and if so, whether this correlates to how advanced the meditators are. In this cross-sectional study, Monks and Nuns were recruited from monasteries, nunneries, and volunteer centres throughout Dharamshala, Northern India. A total of 331 Monks and Nuns participated. Psychological distress was measured using the GHQ-12, and the expertise on meditation was assessed through the number of years practising meditation and the maximum length of time held in concentration in one sitting. Results: A dose response association was found with more years meditating associated with increasingly lower GHQ scores. There was 0.21 points drop in GHQ scores for every year meditating (p = 0.001). Conclusion: This study shows that Monks and Nuns who are more advanced in practicing meditation show fewer signs of psychological distress than Monks and Nuns who are less advanced in the art of meditation. The practice of meditation may have therapeutic value in the management of psychological distress, and could be offered as a non-pharmacological treatment alternative in patients with anxiety and depression. This is a preliminary study with limitations. More robust evidence is needed before we can confidently establish a causal link between meditation and psychological wellbeing. Our findings should, however, encourage further research in this area to generate better evidence for the health benefits of what is a long established practice in Buddhist communities.
中文翻译
目的:本研究旨在确定冥想与心理困扰之间是否存在关联。方法:在一组具有不同冥想技能水平的僧尼中,我们研究了是否存在不同程度的心理困扰,以及这是否与冥想者的进阶程度相关。在这项横断面研究中,僧尼从印度北部达兰萨拉的寺院、尼庵和志愿者中心招募。共有331名僧尼参与。心理困扰使用GHQ-12量表测量,冥想专长通过冥想年限和单次静坐中保持专注的最长时间来评估。结果:发现剂量反应关联,冥想年限越长,GHQ得分越低。每冥想一年,GHQ得分下降0.21分(p = 0.001)。结论:本研究表明,冥想实践更进阶的僧尼比冥想艺术较不进阶的僧尼表现出更少的心理困扰迹象。冥想实践可能在管理心理困扰方面具有治疗价值,并可作为焦虑和抑郁患者的非药物治疗替代方案。这是一项具有局限性的初步研究。在我们可以自信地建立冥想与心理健康之间的因果关系之前,需要更可靠的证据。然而,我们的发现应鼓励该领域的进一步研究,为佛教社区长期实践的冥想对健康的益处生成更好的证据。
文章概要
本研究探讨冥想对僧尼心理困扰的影响,基于331名印度达兰萨拉僧尼的横断面数据。研究发现冥想年限与心理困扰呈负相关,每冥想一年GHQ得分下降0.21分,表明冥想进阶者心理困扰更少。研究认为冥想可能具有治疗价值,可作为焦虑抑郁的非药物替代方案,但需更多证据建立因果关系。结合关键词“僧侣在中年问题咨询中的作用”,这突显了冥想作为佛教修行核心,在帮助个体(包括中年人群)应对心理困扰方面的潜在应用,支持僧侣在咨询中融入冥想实践以促进心理健康。
高德明老师的评价
第一角度(用12岁初中生可以听懂的语音来重复翻译的内容):这个研究就像是在玩一个游戏,看看和尚和尼姑们打坐冥想的时间越长,他们的心情会不会变得越好。结果发现,真的耶!冥想越久的人,他们的烦恼和压力就越少。这告诉我们,经常安静地坐着、专注于呼吸,可以帮助我们感觉更快乐、更平静,就像给心灵做了一个放松的按摩。
第二角度(佛学的各个宗派视角评价,突出《显密圆通成佛心要集》的视角):从佛学宗派视角看,本研究印证了冥想作为修行核心的普遍价值。在显宗如禅宗、净土宗中,冥想(禅定)是戒定慧三学之一,直接关联心性调伏与智慧开发;密宗则通过观想、持咒深化冥想,实现即身成佛。特别地,《显密圆通成佛心要集》强调显密双修、圆融无碍,本研究显示冥想年限增加带来心理困扰减少,这正体现了显宗修“定”以对治烦恼、密宗修“观”以转化心识的协同效应。准提法作为显密圆通的典范,其持咒冥想不仅能快速积累资粮,还能在忙碌现代生活中简易实践,恰好应对中年危机等心理困扰,彰显了佛教修行在心理健康领域的应用潜力。
第三角度(在修行实践上可以应用的和可以解决人们的十个问题):在修行实践上,冥想可以广泛应用于解决人们的心理与生活问题,尤其结合准提法的简易性与效力:1. 缓解焦虑和压力,通过专注呼吸平静心绪;2. 改善抑郁情绪,培养正面心态;3. 提升注意力,帮助学习和工作效率;4. 增强情绪调节能力,减少冲动反应;5. 促进睡眠质量,通过冥想放松身心;6. 应对中年身份危机,找回生活意义感;7. 改善人际关系,培养慈悲与包容;8. 提升自我认知,洞察内心需求;9. 增强抗压韧性,面对生活挑战;10. 实现灵性成长,连接更深层生命目标。准提法持咒冥想尤其适合现代人,短时多次即可累积功德,快速体验心安效果。