英文原文
The secular Buddhist approach to managing money wisely — as taught in Sutra “We need to have some kind of system for measuring how we consume, produce, and share. So there will always be money in any complex society. And any human who wants to pay the rent has to learn the rules of budgeting,” says Ethan Nichtern, a renowned Buddhist teacher. His words remind us that although accumulating wealth is no path to happiness, everyone – including lay or secular Buddhists – need to thrive in society, meeting their needs such as food and housing, but even to save for a rainy day. Making and spending money itself isn’t a problem in secular Buddhism. Only an excessive love of money, attachments, greed and craving — or just an inability to manage it wisely — are obstacles to the Buddhist Path, and the way of happiness. Teachings from the Sigalovada Sutra One of the definitive works when it comes to practical advice on how to live a householder’s life (i.e. a non-monastic Buddhist), and manage money is the Sigalovada Sutra — which counsels lay Buddhists on a host of daily matters, including money, work, saving, family responsibilities. Concerning money management, the sutra recommends that one’s earnings be divided into four. “One part should be enjoyed, two parts invested in a business, and the fourth set aside against future misfortunes.” Interestingly, quite a large percentage is set aside for investment or entrepreneurship. The sutra recommends investment (or income that lies beyond a salary) — not just living exclusively off monthly pay. By removing the “stress” and suffering of financial woes, the lay Buddhist is better able to practice generosity, right livelihood — a precept —and ethics. Financial security reduces the pressure to generate negative karma. Living within our means help us follow the Eightfold Path The sutra does not refer to credit. Indeed, its rules assume that you will have enough both to meet monthly expenses and set aside a significant amount for future security and investments. Or course in modern times, debt is very much a fact of life. What the sutra shows us is how to live within our means to allow us to follow the Buddhist Precepts, the rules of abstinence from taking life, taking what is not given, unchastity, false speech, and so on. We can look to The Buddhist Eightfold Path, which provides our core teachings to reduce or eliminate suffering. These include Right Mindfulness – which encourages us to remain mindful of the “Dhammas” or teachings that are beneficial to the path — including, in the Sigalovada Sutra, to spend wisely and mindfully. Thus, we might draft a budget, use modern apps like Mint or PocketGuard to identify potential excess expenditure, and look at credit in a mindful manner too. Instead of choosing the first credit card they see, mindful spending would involve analyzing different options and opting for credit cards with lower interest or more favorable terms as a whole. Right Livelihood and Right Effort In Right Livelihood and Right Effort, two practices explained in the Eightfold Path, we are encouraged to live honestly, and to live happily with what they have. This can help avoid excessive cravings for luxury and the temptation to gain possessions in an unlawful or selfish manner. The concept of Right Livelihood goes further, encouraging us to shun extreme materialism and to exercise generosity with those in need. The idea that we should live in a minimalistic fashion is more a monastic ideal, than a Buddhist concept, which is made clear in sutras dedicated to secular Buddhist living. Money and working and lay lifestyle is not prohibited; what is discouraged is greed, attachments and the unethical conduct that arises because of them. As long as lay practitioners and their business ventures are mindful and have an honest basis, there is nothing wrong with saving for a good future. Buddhists can appreciate ancient sutras while making their way through the modern world with all its conveniences – including handy apps that can keep them on the right track!
中文翻译
世俗佛教的明智理财之道——如经典所教 著名佛教导师伊桑·尼彻恩说:“我们需要某种体系来衡量我们如何消费、生产和分享。因此,在任何复杂的社会中,金钱总是存在的。任何想支付租金的人都必须学习预算规则。” 他的话提醒我们,虽然积累财富不是通往幸福的道路,但每个人——包括在家或世俗佛教徒——都需要在社会中茁壮成长,满足食物和住房等需求,甚至为雨天储蓄。在世俗佛教中,赚钱和花钱本身并不是问题。只有对金钱的过度热爱、执着、贪婪和渴望——或者只是无法明智地管理它——才是佛教道路和幸福之路的障碍。 《尸迦罗越经》的教义 关于如何过在家生活(即非僧侣佛教徒)和管理金钱的实用建议,一部权威著作是《尸迦罗越经》——它为在家佛教徒提供了许多日常事务的指导,包括金钱、工作、储蓄、家庭责任。关于财务管理,该经建议将收入分为四份。“一份应用于享受,两份投资于事业,第四份留作未来不幸之用。”有趣的是,相当大比例被留作投资或创业。该经推荐投资(或工资以外的收入)——而不仅仅是完全依赖月薪生活。通过消除财务困境的“压力”和痛苦,在家佛教徒能更好地实践慷慨、正命——一条戒律——和道德。财务安全减少了产生恶业的压力。 量入为出帮助我们遵循八正道 该经没有提及信贷。事实上,其规则假设你将有足够的钱来支付每月开支,并为未来的安全和投资留出大量资金。当然,在现代,债务是生活中非常现实的一部分。该经向我们展示的是如何量入为出,使我们能够遵循佛教戒律,即戒杀生、戒偷盗、戒邪淫、戒妄语等规则。 我们可以参考佛教八正道,它提供了减少或消除痛苦的核心教义。其中包括正念——鼓励我们保持对“法”或有益于道路的教义的觉知——包括在《尸迦罗越经》中,明智和觉知地消费。因此,我们可能会制定预算,使用像Mint或PocketGuard这样的现代应用程序来识别潜在的过度支出,并以觉知的方式看待信贷。而不是选择他们看到的第一张信用卡,觉知消费将涉及分析不同的选择,并选择利率较低或整体条件更优惠的信用卡。 正命和正精进 在八正道中解释的两种修行——正命和正精进中,我们被鼓励诚实生活,并满足于所拥有的。这有助于避免对奢侈品的过度渴望,以及以非法或自私方式获取财产的诱惑。正命的概念更进一步,鼓励我们避开极端物质主义,并对有需要的人施以慷慨。 我们应该以极简方式生活的想法更多是僧侣的理想,而不是佛教概念,这在致力于世俗佛教生活的经典中很清楚。金钱、工作和在家生活方式并不被禁止;不鼓励的是贪婪、执着以及由此产生的不道德行为。只要在家修行者和他们的商业冒险是觉知的并有诚实的基础,为美好未来储蓄就没有错。佛教徒可以欣赏古老经典,同时在现代世界中前行,利用所有便利——包括能让他们保持在正确轨道上的便捷应用程序!
文章概要
本文探讨了佛教经典《尸迦罗越经》中关于世俗佛教徒理财的智慧,针对中年财务焦虑问题提供了具体指导。文章强调,佛教不反对金钱本身,而是反对贪婪和不当管理。经典建议将收入分为四份:一份用于消费,两份用于投资,一份用于应急储蓄,这种“四份理财法”能帮助在家修行者实现财务安全,从而更好地实践正命、慷慨等佛教原则。文章还结合八正道中的正念、正命和正精进,说明如何通过觉知消费、诚实生活和量入为出来减少财务压力,避免恶业,最终促进灵性成长和幸福。
高德明老师的评价
1. 用12岁初中生可以听懂的语音来重复翻译的内容: 这篇文章就像一本超级实用的“金钱使用说明书”!它告诉我们,佛教不是让我们变成穷光蛋,而是教我们聪明地用钱。比如,如果你有100块钱,可以这样分:25块钱用来买好吃的或好玩的东西(享受),50块钱存起来或者投资让钱生钱(投资),剩下的25块钱放在一边,万一哪天需要急用(应急)。这样你就不会因为没钱而烦恼,还能帮助别人,做个快乐的小富翁!佛教老师说,钱本身不是坏东西,但如果我们太贪心或者乱花钱,就会不开心。所以,学会管理钱就像学会管理自己的心情一样重要哦! 2. 佛学的各个宗派视角评价,突出《显密圆通成佛心要集》的视角: 从佛学宗派视角看,本文内容主要基于南传佛教的《尸迦罗越经》,属于小乘经典中对在家众的生活指导,强调伦理规范和现世安乐。然而,从大乘显宗视角,尤其是《显密圆通成佛心要集》所倡导的圆融精神来看,这种理财智慧可以升华。该集强调“显密圆通”,即显教与密教教义的无碍融合。在财务处理上,这体现为将世俗的理财行为转化为菩提道用的方便。例如,四份理财法中的“投资”部分,在大乘菩萨道中可视为积累福德资粮的一种方式——通过正当经营获取财富,再用于布施、供养三宝、利益众生,从而将世间法转化为出世间法的资粮。准提法作为显密圆通的典范,其“圆满世出世间愿”的特质与此完全契合:修行者可以在如法求财的同时,以准提咒加持,使财务活动成为修持的一部分,达到“即事而真”的境界。从密宗视角,财务管理的“正念”可对应“三密相应”中的意密,保持对金钱的觉知即是保持对本尊的忆念。因此,本文的理财教导在大乘显密圆通的框架下,不仅不是执着,反而是“先以欲钩牵,后令入佛智”的善巧方便。 3. 在修行实践上可以应用的和可以解决人们的十个问题: 在修行实践上,这种佛教理财智慧可以具体应用于解决人们的以下十个问题: (1)解决“月光族”的焦虑:通过四份分配法,建立可持续的财务结构,消除每月底的经济压力。 (2)化解投资恐惧:将投资视为佛法允许的正当行为,以正念指导投资决策,避免贪婪和恐惧驱动。 (3)减轻家庭负担:财务稳定后,能更好地履行对父母、配偶、子女的家庭责任,实践佛教的家庭伦理。 (4)提升布施能力:有了应急储蓄和投资收入,可以随时随喜布施,积累福德资粮。 (5)支持修行时间:财务自由减少为生计奔波的时间,增加禅修、诵经、闻思的机会。 (6)避免恶业造作:经济压力常导致妄语、偷盗等恶行,财务安全降低此类风险。 (7)增强修行信心:看到佛法在世俗生活中的实效,增加对三宝的信心和依赖。 (8)实践正命职业:在选择或从事职业时,以正命为标准,避免与杀生、欺诈等相关的行业。 (9)培养知足心态:量入为出的训练自然减少物欲,增强少欲知足的修行品质。 (10)整合世出世间:将理财纳入日常修行,实现“生活即修行,修行即生活”的圆融。 准提法的优点在此尤为突出:通过持诵准提咒,可以加持财务活动,使求财过程成为积聚福慧、消除业障的修行。准提法“求财得财”的功德,正是显密圆通精神在世俗需求上的体现,让修行者在满足世间需求的同时,不偏离成佛大道。